4/16/2023 0 Comments Carbon tetrachlorideAdditionally, histopathological observations also showed a decrease in the pathological changes, further confirming the hepatoprotective effects ( Pingale, 2010). When compared to the CCL 4 alone group, administration of Tulsi before CCl 4 reduced the levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, and elevations of hepatic and serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol. Recently, Pingale (2010) has observed that oral administration of the dried whole plant powder (0.50 g/kg b wt) suspended in water for seven consecutive days protected rats against the CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity. Prolonged exposure to CCl 4 results in fatty liver, fibrosis and is also considered as one of the causes of hepatic carcinogenesis. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) binds to triacylglycerols and phospholipids throughout subcellular fractions and causes lipid peroxidation in the liver parenchymal cells. Palatty, in Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease, 2013 3.5 Tulsi Reduces Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver DamageĬarbon tetrachloride is an organic compound that causes severe hepatic damage by inducing a state of oxidative stress. However, the role of the carbene metabolite in carbon tetrachloride nephrotoxicity is less clear. Recently, it has been proposed that under anaerobic conditions, carbon tetrachloride is converted to a carbene metabolite (Cl 3C), which can covalently bind to cell macromolecules in the liver. The peroxy radical could also interact with unsaturated fatty acids in membranes to induce lipid peroxidative damage. The trichloromethyl free radical may also combine with molecular oxygen to form a peroxy free radical, which is more reactive than the trichloromethyl free radical. The trichloromethyl free radical can then alkylate renal macromolecules or interact with membrane unsaturated fatty acids to initiate lipid peroxidation. The mechanism of carbon tetrachloride nephrotoxicity involves the initial homolytic cleavage of CCl 4 by cytochrome P-450 to form the trichloromethyl and chlorine free radicals ( Figure 6). Interestingly, humans appear to be more sensitive to acute CCl 4-induced nephrotoxicity than most animal models. Death occurs from acute renal failure, usually within 3 weeks of intoxication. Nephrotoxicity associated with dermal or inhalation exposure to CCl 4 is seen as acute tubular necrosis, which is delayed in onset. Currently, CCl 4 is used as an organic solvent, although, like chloroform, use has been declining due the carcinogenic nature of chronic CCl 4 exposure. Valentovic, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Carbon tetrachlorideĬarbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) was widely used as a dry cleaning solvent until its potential as a hepatotoxicant, nephrotoxicant, and carcinogen was recognized. Table 3.1 in “Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Text with EEA relevance),” Official Journal of the European Union, L 353/. H412 harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects H372 causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
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